Data Sets – Healthscapes

Description of the data sets currently available on the viewer

Analytical layers

The EPSG of all these layers is n°31370 – Belge 1972 / Belgian Lambert 72. If you have any question, please contact l.g.g.hermenault@uva.nl (or lea.hermenault@gmail.com). Unless otherwise specified, the Copyright for these layers is: Janna Coomans, Léa Hermenault – ERC Project “Healthscaping Urban Europe” (n° 724114 ). Layers are available for upload, thanks to Easy Dans repository.

The “Historical Map”, which can be used as a background layer on the viewer, is the map of Ghent made by Jacob van Deventer (1545).

Contextual layers

PUBLIC WORKS

—PUBLIC WORKS 15th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? Proportion of years (among our 10 sample years selected between 1409 and 1456) for which at least one public work has been done on a location

Origin of the information: Reeks 400, Stadsrekeningen, 10-13, 15-16, 18, 25, 27, 29 (Stadsarchief Gent “De Zwarte Doos”)
Comments on choices which have been made: we chose 10 sample years between 1409 and 1456. We selected one year approximately every 5 years and took into account the the variations of the total of expenses made by the city in order to be the most representative as possible. The unit element of the GIS layers are the sites. Since all the sites can’t be localized with the same detail of precision, we mapped this information into two different layers. Precisely localized sites (markets, churches, bridges, gates, etc.) were mapped with points, whereas imprecisely localized site (rivers, street, quays, etc.) were mapped with lines. Before joining the database to the GIS layer, we have synthetized information per site (total money invested, number of different expenses, number of expenses per period etc.)
Bibliography: Janna Coomans and Léa Hermenault “Public Works, Spatial Strategies and Mobility in Lte Medieval Ghent“, Journal of Urban History.
Number of items: 111 items for the points layer, and 58 items for the lines layer
The dataset can be downloaded here, the GIS layer (linear location) here and the GIS layer (ponctual location) here.
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each site
name	Name of the site
Nb_occ	Number of years for which at least one public work has been recorded for this specific location
Perc_nb_oc	Proportion of years for which at least one public work have been recorded for this specific location
Bridge	0=false : no work on a bridge has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a bridge has been recorded
Building	0=false : no work on a building has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of work on a building has been recorded
Crane	0=false : no work on a crane has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a crane has been recorded
Fortificat (=fortification)	0=false : no work on fortification has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of work on fortification has been recorded
gate	0=false : no work on a gate has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a gate has been recorded
Guarding p (=guarding post)	0=false : no work on a guarding post has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a guarding post has been recorded
other	0=false : no other kind of work have been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of another kind of work has been recorded
Street or (=street or market)	0=false : no work on a street or a market has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a street or market has been recorded
Watermill	0=false : no work on a watermill has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a watermill has been recorded
waterworks	0=false : no work on a waterwork has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a waterworks has been recorded

—PUBLIC WORKS 14th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? Proportion of years (among our 13 sample years selected betwwen 1321 and 1380) for which at least one public work has been done on a location

Origin of the information: Printed primary sources.

– Vuylsteke, Julius P. and Alfons van Werveke, eds. Gentsche stads- en baljuwsrekeningen, 1280-1336. Ghent: Meyer-van Loo, 1900.

– Pauw, Napoleon de, and Julius Vuylsteke, eds. De rekeningen der stad Gent: Tijdvak van Jacob van Artevelde, 1336-1349. Ghent: A. Hoste, 1874

– Werveke, Alfons van, ed. Gentse stads- en baljuwsrekeningen (1351-1364). Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1970.

-Nicholas, David, and Walter Prevenier, eds., Gentse stads en baljuwsrekeningen (1365-1376). Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1999

– Vuylsteke, Julius P. ed. De rekeningen der stad Gent: Tijdvak van Philips van Artevelde, 1376-1389. Ghent: A. Hoste, 1893

Comments on choices which have been made: we chose 13 sample years between 1321 and 1380. We selected one year approximately every 5 years and took into account the the variations of the total of expenses made by the city in order to be the most representative as possible. The unit element of the GIS layers are sites. Since all the sites can’t be localized with the same detail of precision, we mapped this information into two different layers. Precisely localized sites (markets, churches, bridges, gates, etc.) were mapped with points, whereas imprecisely localized site (rivers, street, quays, etc.) were mapped with lines. Before joining the database to the GIS layer, we have synthetized information per site (total money invested, number of different expenses, number of expenses per period etc.)
Bibliography: Janna Coomans and Léa Hermenault “Public Works, Spatial Strategies and Mobility in Lte Medieval Ghent“, Journal of Urban History.
Number of items: 83 items for the lines layer and 112 items for the points layer
The dataset can be downloaded here, the GIS layer (linear location) here and the GIS layer (ponctual location) here.
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each site
name	Name of the site
Nb_year	Number of years for which at least one public work have been recorded for this specific location
Perc_nb_oc	Proportion of years for which at least one public work have been recorded for this specific location
Bridge	0=false : no work on a bridge has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a bridge has been recorded
Building	0=false : no work on a building has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of work on a building has been recorded
Crane	0=false : no work on a crane has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a crane has been recorded
Fortificat (=fortification)	0=false : no work on fortification has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of work on fortification has been recorded
gate	0=false : no work on a gate has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a gate has been recorded
Guarding p (=guarding post)	0=false : no work on a guarding post has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a guarding post has been recorded
other	0=false : no other kind of work have been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of another kind of work has been recorded
Street or (=street or market)	0=false : no work on a street or a market has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a street or market has been recorded
Watermill	0=false : no work on a watermill has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a watermill has been recorded
waterworks	0=false : no work on a waterwork has been recorded on this location 1=true : at least one occurrence of a work on a waterworks has been recorded

PUBLIC HEALTH RELATED ORDINANCES 14th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? Total number of public health related ordinances issued per locations between 1337 and 1380

Origin of the information: printed primary source. N. De Pauw (ed.), De voorgeboden der stad Gent in de XIVe eeuw (1337-1382), Gent Arnoot-Braeckman, 1885
Comments on choices which have been made: the unit element of this database is the site for which a public health related ordinance has been issued. When two (or more) different sites are mentioned in one ordinance, the original mention has been split up into as many records that there were of sites. What we call here “public health related ordinances” are ordinances which deal with the following topics: circulation, public sanitation, trade and market regulations, zoning of crafts, immoral behaviours, animals, water management and fire safety. The unit element of the GIS layers are sites. Since all the sites can’t be localized with the same detail of precision, we mapped this information into two different layers. Precisely localized sites (markets, churches, bridges, gates, etc.) were mapped with points, whereas imprecisely localized site (rivers, street, quays, etc.) were mapped with lines. Before joining the database to the GIS layer, we have synthetized information per site (number of ordinances issued for one site, number of prohibitions, number of zoning, etc.).
Bibliographie: Janna Coomans, Community, Urban Health and Environment in the Late Medieval Low Countries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2021.
Number of items: 12 items for the line layer and 34 items for the point layer
The dataset can be downloaded here, the GIS layer (linear location) here and the GIS layer (ponctual location) here.
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each site
name	Name of the site
Nb_ordinan	Total number of ordinances issued for a site between 1337 and 1380

CLEANERS’ SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE 14th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? Number of mentions of cleaners per location in the 14th century

Origin of the information: Stadsarchief Gent, Stadsrekeningen (reeks 400), 1280-1389. Published in:

– Vuylsteke, Julius P. and Alfons van Werveke, eds. Gentsche stads- en baljuwsrekeningen, 1280-1336. Ghent: Meyer-van Loo, 1900.
– Pauw, Napoleon de, and Julius Vuylsteke, eds. De rekeningen der stad Gent: Tijdvak van Jacob van Artevelde, 1336-1349. Ghent: A. Hoste, 1874
– Werveke, Alfons van, ed. Gentse stads- en baljuwsrekeningen (1351-1364). Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1970.
-Nicholas, David, and Walter Prevenier, eds., Gentse stads en baljuwsrekeningen (1365-1376). Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1999
– Vuylsteke, Julius P. ed. De rekeningen der stad Gent: Tijdvak van Philips van Artevelde, 1376-1389. Ghent: A. Hoste, 1893
Comments: the city accounts contain for each year, in the section of expenses, a list of reimbursements to city officials in money and clothing. In those lists, expenses are noted for conincxkinderen, sanitary and policing officials, for keeping specific locations with the city clean. These entries containing a specific location have been mapped in this layer.
Bibliography: Janna Coomans, “The King of Dirt: Public Health and Sanitation in Late Medieval Ghent”, Urban History 46 (2019): 82-105.

Number of items: 13
The GIS layer can be downloaded here.

PAVING EXPENSES

—PAVING EXPENSES 14th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? Number of times the name of the location is mentionned in the paving chapters of the accounts between 1321 and 1389.

Origin of the information: Stadsarchief Gent, Stadsrekeningen (reeks 400), 1280-1389. Published in:

– Vuylsteke, Julius P. and Alfons van Werveke, eds. Gentsche stads- en baljuwsrekeningen, 1280-1336. Ghent: Meyer-van Loo, 1900.

– Pauw, Napoleon de, and Julius Vuylsteke, eds. De rekeningen der stad Gent: Tijdvak van Jacob van Artevelde, 1336-1349. Ghent: A. Hoste, 1874

– Werveke, Alfons van, ed. Gentse stads- en baljuwsrekeningen (1351-1364). Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1970.

-Nicholas, David, and Walter Prevenier, eds., Gentse stads en baljuwsrekeningen (1365-1376). Brussels: Paleis der Academiën, 1999

– Vuylsteke, Julius P. ed. De rekeningen der stad Gent: Tijdvak van Philips van Artevelde, 1376-1389. Ghent: A. Hoste, 1893

Bibliography: Janna Coomans, “Stratenmakers: infrastructuur, gebuurten en het publiek belang in laatmiddeleeuws Gent”, Handelingen der Maatschappij voor Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent, 72, 2019, p. 125-129; Janna Coomans and Léa Hermenault “Public Works, Spatial Strategies and Mobility in Late Medieval Ghent”, Journal of Urban History.

Comments: Since all the sites can’t be localized with the same detail of precision, we mapped this information into two different layers. Precisely localized sites (markets, churches, bridges, gates, etc.) were mapped with points, whereas imprecisely localized site (rivers, street, quays, etc.) were mapped with lines.
Number of items: 107 lines and 87 points
The GIS layers can be downloaded here (points) and here (lines).
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each site
name	Name of the site
Nbr_mention	Total number of times the name of the location is mentioned in the paving chapters of the accounts between 1321 and 1389

—PAVING EXPENSES 15th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? Number of times the name of the location is mentionned in the paving chapters of the accounts between 1401 and 1405.

Origin of the information: Stadsarchief Gent, Stadsrekeningen (reeks 400) 10-13, 15-16, 18, 25, 27, 29.
Bibliography: Janna Coomans, “Stratenmakers: infrastructuur, gebuurten en het publiek belang in laatmiddeleeuws Gent”, Handelingen der Maatschappij voor Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent, 72, 2019, p. 125-129; Janna Coomans and Léa Hermenault “Public Works, Spatial Strategies and Mobility in Lte Medieval Ghent“, Journal of Urban History.

Comments: Since all the sites can’t be localized with the same detail of precision, we mapped this information into two different layers. Precisely localized sites (markets, churches, bridges, gates, etc.) were mapped with points, whereas imprecisely localized site (rivers, street, quays, etc.) were mapped with lines.
Number of items: 87 lines and 86 points
The GIS layers can be downloaded here (points) and here (lines).
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each site
name	Name of the site
Nbr_mention	Total number of times the name of the location is mentioned in the paving chapters of the accounts between 1401 and 1455

CRAFTSMEN IN THE 14th CENTURY

What do you see on the map? The spatial distribution of craftsmen of a specific craft in the 14^th century (proportions are to be seen by variations of colour)

Origin of the information: the information has been found in David Nicholas, The Metamophosis of a Medieval City, In The Age, Of the Arteveldes, 1302-1390, Lincoln and London, University of Nebraska Press, 1987, p. 74-75. A table presents the number of craftsmen per craft and region.
Comments on choices which have been made: number of craftmen were converted into percentage. The unit element of this layer is the region. A jointure between the database and the shape with regions has been made thanks to the field “ID_regio”. The layer shows the spatial distribution of craftmen of a same craft within the city in percentage.
Bibliographie: David Nicholas, The Metamophosis of a Medieval City, In The Age, Of the Arteveldes, 1302-1390, Lincoln and London, University of Nebraska Press, 1987
Copyright: David Nicholas, Léa Hermenault – ERC Project “Healthscaping Urban Europe” (n° 724114 )
Number of items: 14
The GIS layer can be downloaded here.
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each district
Brewers	Proportion of Brewers located within a specific district
Carpenters/Wood merchants	Proportion of Carpenters/Wood merchants located within a specific district
Other construction	Proportion of Other construction located within a specific district
Money changers, cloth wholesalers, brokers, moneychangers, wine merchants, misc. poorters	Proportion of Money changers, cloth wholesalers, brokers, moneychangers, wine merchants, misc. poorters located within a specific district
Shippers and Shipwrights	Proportion of Shippers and Shipwrights located within a specific district
Draper/weavers	Proportion of Draper/weavers located within a specific district
Fullers	Proportion of Fullers located within a specific district
Other textile	Proportionof Other textile located within a specific district
Mercers	Proportion of Mercers located within a specific district
Bakers	Proportion of Bakers located within a specific district
Butchers	Proportion of Butchers located within a specific district
Fishmongers	Proportion of Fishmongers located within a specific district
Spice dealers	Proportion of Spice dealers located within a specific district
Grain measurers	Proportionof Grain measurers located within a specific district
Other food	Proportion of Other food located within a specific district
Smiths/armorers	Proportion of Smiths/armorers located within a specific district
Leather and fur	Proportion of Leather and fur located within a specific district
Silver/goldsmiths	Proportion of Silver/goldsmiths located within a specific district
Potters	Proportion of Potters located within a specific district
Coopers	Proportion of Coopers located within a specific district
Moneylenders	Proportion of Moneylenders located within a specific district
Barristers	Proportion of Barristers located within a specific district
Foreigners	Proportion of Foreigners located within a specific district
Surgeons	Proportion of Surgeons located within a specific district
Priests	Proportion of Priests located within a specific district
Misc. crafts	Proportion of Misc. crafts located within a specific district
Painters	Proportion of Painters located within a specific district
Misc. services, Education	Proportionof Misc. services, Education located within a specific district
Millers, oil extractors	Proportion of Millers, oil extractors located within a specific district
Baths	Proportion of Baths located within a specific district
Misc. Govt.	Proportion of Misc. Govt. located within a specific district
City Councilors	Proportion of City Councilors located within a specific district

LATE MEDIEVAL NETWORK OF CANALS AND RIVERS

What do you see on the map? Hydrography of Ghent in the late middle ages.

Origin of the information: the rivers and canals network of Ghent have been drawn according to the Jacob van Deventer’s map of Ghent (1559).
Bibliography: if you want to know more about the representation of rivers on Jacob van Deventer’s work, you might read Reinout Rutte en Bram Vannieuwenhuyze, Stedenatlas Jacob van Deventer. 226 stadsplattegronden uit 1545-1575. Uitgeverij Thoth – Lannoo, Bussum – Tielt; 2018.
Number of items: 1
The GIS layer can be downloaded here.

TOPOGRAPHIC CONTOUR LINES

What do you see on the map? Topography of Ghent before present.

Origin of the information: the contour lines are coming from Frans Blockmans’ work (BLOCKMANS, F., Het Gentsche stadspatriciaat tot
omstreeks 1302, Antwerpen-‘s Gravenhage, 1938.) and have been used since in lot of publications by the municipal service of archaeology of Ghent.
Number of items: 31
The GIS layer can be downloaded here.
Description of the fields:

Name of the column	Description
Id	Unique identifier of each lines
Altitude_1	Altitude, in meters.

LATE MEDIEVAL STREETS NETWORK

What do you see on the map? Ghent’s late medieval streets network

Origin of the information: the streets of Ghent have been drawn according to the Jacob van Deventer’s map of Ghent (1559).
Bibliography: if you want to know more about the representation of rivers on Jacob van Deventer’s work, you might read Reinout Rutte en Bram Vannieuwenhuyze, Stedenatlas Jacob van Deventer. 226 stadsplattegronden uit 1545-1575. Uitgeverij Thoth – Lannoo, Bussum – Tielt; 2018.
Number of items: 602

WATER STREAM DIRECTION

What do you see on the map? Arrows which help you to undertand the water stream direction in different Ghent’s canals

Origin of the information: map from Decavele J. , De Herdt R., 1976, Gent op de wateren en naar de zee, Antwerpen, p. 24
Layer available for upload here.
Number of items: 12